Film Reflection Good Bye, Lenin! Essay

I had mixed feelings about the movie Good Bye, Lenin! While I enjoyed watching Alex run into new challenges and come up with new solutions in scene after scene I felt the movie became too long and repetitive. I do however think the movie succeeded as a comedy, and as a glimpse into the history of Germany. I liked how the Becker used comedy to tell a sad story because it made it easier for the audience to watch. There were also many funny characters that accentuated people’s views of the political turmoil during that time. I noticed that the older generation shared a lingering nostalgia for the East Germany of the past while the younger generation saw a whole new world of opportunities and freedom opening up in front of them. The hurdles that Alex would go over for his mother made me really connect to him as a character. He was willing to do so much for this relationship and he believed so fully that what he was doing was right that you didn’t dare question him. In class we talked about how the director could have done more to give us a feeling of suspense and drama. Instead of leaving us hanging Becker actually sped up the scenes so we would get to the climax of if Alex’s scheme worked faster. I understand why people wanted that feeling of suspense but I believe that this was an artistic choice chosen to give the movie the feeling of things moving too fast. No matter how badly Alex wanted to stay suspended in the past the present and future were rushing towards him. By speeding up the scenes we were given that same feeling, the results were always coming quicker than we expected or often wanted. Something I wish Becker had done different was the end of the movie. When the movie finished I felt conflicted and betrayed. This was because Alex’s mother knew of Alex’s scheme at the end because she was told by his girlfriend. They then all pretended she still didn’t know for Alex’s sake. I don’t know why this bothered me but I felt angry at her for ruining all the work and then lying. It angered me the most because he was so close to succeeding. I believe Becker wanted us to feel this way at the end of the  movie to represent the strengths of relationships and the reality that Alex could only twist reality so far. His mother had become confused and in a way it was better for her to understand. I wish however the end had been different and that his mother could have truly passed on in his made up world.

Internal and External Analysis of Tesla Essay

Tesla motors is able to differentiate itself from its rivals by offering a product that has yet to be matched. No other automotive company has been able to produce a car that is all electric and can travel 250 miles on a single charge. In addition, no other company has a network of charge stations allowing Tesla owners to drive across the country if desired. Finally, Tesla motors has created a brand of elite cars, it has been said that Tesla owners may be more of a cult than that of Mac owners. The Tesla Model S is equipped with nothing but the best. From its 24 inch LCD screen, to its leather seats. The 90 kWH battery allows the Model S to travel 300 miles without being charged. This allows the Model S to be very light weight and travel 0 to 60 mph in 3.9 seconds. In addition, some intangible strengths of Tesla are its leadership, drive for innovation, and customer service. Tesla is run by Elon Musk, a man driven for success, and also has capital to support the company. Tesla is the first car of its kind, and hopes to continue to deliver quality products. Tesla hopes to be among the first to offer an auto-pilot car. Soon they will be launching their Model X, an SUV of equal quality to the Model S. In the near future Tesla is looking to launch a pick-up truck as well. Tesla offers quality customer service, if ever there is problem Tesla representatives will quickly arrive to pick up your car and leave you edition of the Model S, while yours is quickly repaired. Tesla plans to deliver the best cars in the world, and so far they are succeeding. Tesla processes are highly automated, allowing them the advantage to save on labor costs. Most of the manufacturing is done using 10 ft. tall robots. These robots are able to weld, rivet bond and install different components. Eight robots work on a single car, and are able to produce 83 cars a day. These robots can also be programmed to develop the Model X as well. One area which a Tesla receives a bit of grief for, is not allowing other dealerships to sell Tesla vehicles. While this may cause some bad press it allows Tesla to keep full proceeds, and ensure that all who are interested  in investing in a Tesla receive the full experience and learn from an expert. This also comes into play when selling used vehicles; it allows for greater salvage value and allows the Tesla Model S to retain value for a longer period of time. Lastly Tesla, spends no money on advertising, and does not plan to. Tesla has a small in-house marketing team and an internal team to help run the Tesla website. â€Å"Right now, the stores are our advertising. â€Å"We’re very confident we can sell 20,000-plus cars a year without paid advertising . . . It may be something we’ll do years down the road. But it’s certainly not something we feel is crucial for sales right now,† said spokesperson Alexis Georgeson.

Entertainment V. Addiction Essay

There is a definitive and quite distinct difference between wholesome, quality entertainment and addiction. In the novel Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury very clearly states the variation among the two. Through his examples and characters in his story about a very realistic society, he expresses his opinions and almost foresees something quite relevant to society today. However, there will always be those select few who will recognize the worthlessness of mindless propaganda that seems to infect the minds of humankind. Television takes a prominent role in the script of everyday life. Additionally, it takes an even larger role in the lives of the citizens of Bradbury’s metropolis. Actually, it is more of a brain cell cemetery. For example, Mildred, the main character’s (Montag’s) wife, is constantly bombarded with television and radio programs. In fact, three walls in the parlor of the couple’s home have been converted into giant television screens! For Mildred, however, this is not good enough. She whines that having a fourth wall installed would make her happy, and that she couldn’t possibly be happy without it. Her argument is that the installation would only be $2,000 and that in order to earn this money they could just â€Å"do without a few things†. This could be considered addictive, taking into account that she is willing to give up part of the way that she lives in order to further intoxicate her mind and make her even number to the world around her . And as a result of this constant flow of trivial nonsense into her system, she is made to feel as though she is thinking for herself, acting for herself, and having a wonderful time. During the time that Ray Bradbury had written this book, television was a brand new invention. It was not too terribly popular yet, but he thought that it posed a problem. In Ray’s mind, people would be consumed by irrelevant and insignificant programs, which may become habit-forming as time progressed. He wrote of enormous televisions, which we can relate to modern-day flat screens. Bradbury foretold of people becoming reliant on technology, and not being able to ponder life and all of its questions†¦ to just stop and smell the roses! This is all very relatable to modern society,  and it is easy to see where it fits into everyday life. Clarisse, a seventeen year old girl in Fahrenheit 451, is able to show Montag that life does not have to be lived in such a way as to think that being unaware of the world is a good thing. She is able to show him that there are ways to enjoy one’s self without needing anything but an open mind. Clarisse is one of those genuine people who are able to think for themselves, who asks the â€Å"why† instead of the â€Å"how† of things. Furthermore, the intellectuals that Montag meets also have that same zest for life. They are able to understand the importance and necessity of the thoughts of others in the past. These intellectuals realize that a better understanding and perception of life can come from theminds of others. Faber, an exceptionally odd character, is also one of those remarkable people. He is able to realize that true entertainment comes from enjoying life and exploring its mysteries. He is able to find joy in free-thinking and learning in a way that is completely separate from the superficial way of his society. Montag also slowly comes to this great discovery throughout the book. It starts with him just being curious. But isn’t that all it takes to do something great, a spark of curiosity? In conclusion, Mr. Bradbury’s position is clear as crystal in his novel Fahrenheit 451. Entertainment consists of inspiring and enlightening ideas and activities, while addiction can come easily and swiftly from those things that will deaden the mind and will bring nothing of value into the thoughts of mankind. And even though they can be rare, those who are able to look past those things and find the worthwhile substance in life will gain more out of life by being able to look at the world in new ways.

ART 43 BASEL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ART 43 BASEL - Essay Example However, as her work developed she shifted from the focus on the political struggles. Most of her early work consisted of performance pieces, in which she had employed physical confrontation with the audience in order to make her political point. She had applied this procedure with the objective of making a direct statement using her body. The performance usually referenced her background and the political situation that was developing in Palestine. Her artwork contains strong references to surrealism and repeats many of the grid patterns that were found in most of the sculptures, and it brought out the element of the mind in relation to minimalism. Hatoum’s work defines a large variety of different subject matters using different theoretical frameworks. One interpretation of her work can be the description of the body, politics, gender and difference. She explores the dangers and the confinements of the domestic world. A very important point that arises from the different themes and ways in which she works is that all her works have multiple readings of inter pretations (MCH Group 1). Palestinian-born artist Mona Hatoum painted Witness in 2009, Porcelain biscuit 49cm by 24.3cm by 24 cm. Plinth, 121.5cm by 45cm by 45 cm, Edition of 10 plus 2 AP. This piece of art is a miniaturized rendition made of porcelain and is a representation of the Place des Martyrs that is found in the center of Beirut. The sculpture is now turned into an ornament, and faithfully reproduced the mutilation of the monument by the shells and the bullets of the civil war witnessed (â€Å"Mona Hatoum: Witness† 1). Many of her subjects have been related to the harbingers of the new world that included military interventions, exile, displacements and poverty that have led to insecurity and threat. This piece deals with the subject of medals and memorials, and shows that their meaning has changed through time. This piece was produced with the collaboration of the Iraq al Amir women’s

Stakeholder analysis and scope definition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stakeholder analysis and scope definition - Essay Example In addition to these, an existing ERP system should be identified as one that would meet the reporting requirements of the top management. In the development of the GUI to suit the requirements of the organization, a website with the ability to host email or live interaction between customers and sales or order processing personnel (Martin, 2006). The project manager in this case is hired on merits and experience and, therefore, his attention is divided as other projects are underway. While the project manager is expected to dedicate full attention to the tasks of this project, other members are likely to have conflicts with the idea of him running other businesses. This creates the illusion that the time allocation to tasks would involve distributing management duties to supervisor and the project analyst. Other conflicts that would be foreseeable include the project manager’s interaction with other stakeholders such as the supervisor. The supervisor is likely to feel like a project analysis is not required as he does the daily analysis and control of tasks. Finally, the sponsor is likely to dispute budget changes in case initial estimation does not meet the project goals while the programmer is tasked with code writing tasks as hourly compensation in this case may not reflect the skills needed and the magnitude of wo rk done. Influence in the project management and planning is defined as the potential capacity that would enable each stakeholder to perform. Understanding the influence of each stakeholder will help the project manager to define the scope of the project while placing the stakeholders in their correct and suitable areas of expertise. In addition, the project would anticipate that stakeholders with different experiences and records are likely to perform with specific resources and have the ability to work under pressure and

The Top 3 management principle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Top 3 management principle - Essay Example The top three management principles that can make superior healthcare managers are strategic and operational planning and decision-making, performance management, and change management because they make managers aware of and responsive to both internal and external management and leadership needs. The first important management principle is strategic and operational planning and decision-making because they merge the functions of managers as â€Å"managers† and â€Å"leaders.† Management is differentiated from leadership because managers are concerned of planning and managing daily operations, while leaders are concerned of leading critical organizational and/or environmental changes. A superior healthcare manager must be both: a leader who can produce strategic plans that deal with changes in and outside the organization and a manager who can turn these plans to workable operation plans and who can monitor, evaluate, and direct their daily applications (Liebler and McConnell 92). An example is creating the strategic plan of automating the information system of the hospital that uses traditional paper formats, while an operational plan is having a comprehensive financial operational management plan that will deal with upcoming budget cuts. These plans, in additi on, are different in their scope, timeframe, and repetitiveness levels. Strategic plans are broad, made for long-term goals, and single-standing, while operational plans are specific, short-term objectives that are repeated, unless strategic changes are made. These plans, moreover, require making strategic and operational decisions (Liebler and McConnell 116-117). A strategic decision is choosing what road to take, while an operational decision is choosing how best to take the journey on that specific road. In the absence of middle and lower level managers who cannot make operational decisions or when upper management is called to help decide

Business Resources Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Resources Management - Case Study Example Analysis of the business it operates in HSBC has grown from a mere local banking facility to a leading world banker. It has been able to establish most of its braches in most places in the United Kingdom and other Asian countries. It is the first and the largest financial institutions in the whole of United Kingdom. It has also been ranked the second world largest banking and financial service institution. This has been based on the fact that the business has been able to roll out a well established network in the whole world which provides a variety of services to its clients. It offer financial services including mortgages, insurance facilities, saving accounts, credit cards, loans, investment and others, consumer finance including credit cards, consumer loans, motor vehicle financing, commercial banking which is mainly meant to serve small and medium size enterprises, corporate investment including markets and private banking, and other services which are provided in all its branches. This means that it has been able to satisfy the financial demands of its customers by offering a variety of services. (King, 1991) The banking sector is one of the most competitive sectors in the world. There are many providers of the services and the survival of any financial institution depends on the competitive advantage that an institution is able to create over its competitors. There are some key elements that determine how a financial institution is able to create a competitive advantage in the market. This is based on the level of confidence that customers can have on the financial institution regarding how the business operates. The financial strength is of crucial importance as it determines how the... This essay looks at HSBC Company and evaluate the Human resource management in the company. The organization opened its door to customer in 1865 trading under the name Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited. Since its inception, the company has been able to grow and expand in all part of the world. It has been able to establish a sophisticated network of agencies and branches not only in Asia but also in the other European countries. Therefore the bank is not just a leading banking facility in Asia but it can be ranked as a world leader in banking. HSBC has grown from a mere local banking facility to a leading world banker. It has been able to establish most of its braches in most places in the United Kingdom and other Asian countries. For a company with a worldwide operation like HSBC, there can be no better option than taking a close-knit approach in the management of its workforce. The researcher states that there must be an effective way of dealing with the demands of such large workforce and therefore effective HRM policies become an indispensable tool. The company has been able to apply good human resource management in order to enhance competence of its workforce. However, the researcher concluds that there’s still much that the company has to do in order to integrate all the workers especially to deal with the problem of discrimination in the work place. This will be in line with its policy of recognizing that every individual makes an impact in the company.

TSA career Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TSA career - Research Paper Example work, how these security threats are handled, the level of training necessary for such a job, which licenses or certificates are required, the existence of continuing education, and the extent to which professional development organizations for such a career exist. Firstly, with respect to the type of threats that a practitioner of this profession might encounter, they can of course be concentric upon having the potential to directly serve in the front lines of the fight against terrorism. As such, but a few potential threats that a practitioner might encounter would be concentric upon discovering explosives, weaponry, dealing with dangerous individuals, and seeking to placate unruly and/or frustrated passengers that are aggravated by the delays and inconveniences caused by the necessity to painstakingly check all passengers and carryon luggage. With respect to how a person in such a line of work addresses such security threats, the answer to such a question segues nicely into the third question regarding what training is necessitated to become a TSA agent. In order to equip the applicants with the level of expertise they will need in order to perform the functions of their job, the TSA training regimen requires that all students graduate from a mandatory 1-2 weeks of classroom instruction as well as participate in between 2-3 weeks of OTJ training overseen by a supervisor (Airport Security Careers 2012). However, like many federal positions, training is not something that is merely given at the outset of the career; rather, it is ongoing and requires constant metrics to be met through continuing education. Similarly, certificates of completion of the training and continuing education are constantly tracked. However, before starting one’s career as a TSA agent, it is necessary for one to successfully complete a background examination and credit history verification to ensure that the applicant has their financial affairs in order and does not have any

Accident victim interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accident victim interview - Essay Example Earlier before the accident in 2005, Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) had visited the site and reported that the working environment did not meet the correct standards. Some of the violations included problems with escape ways, not keeping proper roof standards, and poor mine ventilation. Apparently, the mine has a history of roof falls. On this fateful day, the mine fire boss had inspected the mine and cleared it for use minutes before the first miners entered. Although the miners did not notice a thunderstorm just before they entered, US National Lighting Detection reports there was one. The lighting strike near the mine caused an ignition of methane from a recently sealed area of the mine. The result of this was a big explosion that blew out the seals and transferred smoke, dust, debris, and lethal carbon monoxide to the working section of the mine. Thirteen persons were trapped in the mine resulting to the death of twelve of them who succumbed to carbon monoxide asphy xiation. The victim inhaled carbon monoxide for a long duration, which resulted to unconsciousness. In addition, the poor ventilation in the mines resulted to destruction of some vital organs in the body. The victim stayed in the life support machine for one month and a half because his respiratory system had been destroyed. At the time he regained consciousness after two weeks, the victim could not hear, had a blurred vision, and severe headache. One year down the line, the victim could not do much for himself although he could now see clearly and hear a bit. He went back to work after four years in a different mine. MSHA officials arrived on the scene at 10.30 am but could not do much since the levels of carbon dioxide in the air prevented them from going deep in the mines. In addition, any lighting the power system could have caused another explosion. Later, MSHA found out some violations on the mine that increased the risk of the

Wealth Management Seminar II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wealth Management Seminar II - Essay Example oses and amongst these purposes includes establishing testamentary trusts, making specific bequests, appointing an executor, and distribution of personal effects (Mentz, 2009). This was a new lesson to me, and this mainly because I had a narrow idea on the purpose of the will. In my opinion, the will was only created for purposes of distributing the wealth of an individual. However, my perception changed after this lesson. Insurance is also an important tool of estate planning, and this is because it plays two important functions, these are, the provision of liquid funds that can be used for burial purposes, and the benefits of insurance policies are not always taxable (Mentz, 2009). This was a new knowledge to me, because in my own opinion, I was only aware of two tools of estate planning that is the will, and establishment of trusts. However, this lesson introduced new tools, such as the power of attorney, gifting and insurance policies. Another area that was of importance to me, was on the techniques that can be used for purposes of estate planning. These techniques include designate beneficiaries, income and capital shifting, and tax deferral (Mentz, 2009). Under this lesson, of particular interest to me was income and capital shifting. I learnt that splitting of income is a popular technique of estate planning because it has the capability of lowering income tax, maximizing credits or deductions, and it is easier for an individual to proof the various sources of money that can be used for purposes of calculating the income tax of an individual (Mentz, 2009). This was new knowledge to me, and I was happy to learn it. Risk management is also an important concept in the planning process. One of the elements of risk management, and that is applicable to estate planning is insurance. One of the major costs of an insurance policy is the premiums that an individual would pay, for purposes of accessing the services of an insurer (Mentz, 2009). This lesson confirmed

Them typical of the detective Genre Essay Example for Free

Them typical of the detective Genre Essay This is typical in detective fiction because the detective has already solved the case, but doesnt reveal it until he has all the evidence to back up his theories. For example in The Beryl Coronet when Watson is narrating, we can clearly see that even Watson doesnt know what his companions conclusions are about the crime. It was obvious in despair. This shows us that Holmes has made his conclusions and Watson and the audience cant even dimly imagine what it could be. On the other hand there are also concrete clues which are simple and easy to follow for the reader, an example of this would be in the Solitary Cyclist. The horse and trap were to have come this week, but for some reason they were not delivered. The reason this is a concrete clue is because, you can clearly see that the horse and trap were not delivered for a reason, and you can even begin to link Mr Caruthers in with the solitary cyclist. The horse and trap would mean that The Solitary Cyclist would not be able to follow Miss Violet, so if it did not arrive it would be quite convenient for The Solitary Cyclist. Another example of a Concrete clue would be in The Speckled Band when Holmes has to work out how Julia Stoner was killed because there was no way someone could get in. The Speckled Band is a locked Room mystery meaning it will create more suspense and tension. The dummy bell-pull and the ventilator are significant concrete clues because, it gets the reader thinking why there is a bell which doesnt work connected to a ventilator which is not in use. Red-herrings mislead us in our trail to find the villain in a crime, but they also add a sense of mystery and suspense. The gypsies bandana is a very crafty red herring used in the Speckled Band; it leads us to think that the gypsies have something to do with Julia stoners death, because her last words are about a Speckled Band. But further on we are aware they have nothing to do with the case and are just there to hoodwink us. Another well used red herring would be Arthur Holders debts, initially you would firstly presume that he needs money and would go to extremes measures, even steal from his own father to clear his Gambling debts. Theses are the three main types of clue and a well written detective story will contain all three, just like Arthur Conan Doyles literature does. Although Sherlock Holmes solves most of his cases there isnt always a punishment, for example in The Beryl Coronet, when Mary Holder and George Burnwell escape without a suitable punishment. Although they do not receive a physical punishment, they will receive a moral one. There punishment will be as Sherlock Holmes puts it a more than sufficient one. In contrast in the Speckled Band the mystery is solved and the culprit is found, although he has already received a more than suitable punishment, of death. In this way I am no doubt indirectly responsible for Dr. Grimbesby Roylotts death, and I cannot say that it is likely to weigh very heavy upon my conscience. This quote shows us that although Holmes is responsible for the death of Dr. Roylott, it will not affect him that much because he feels that Dr. Roylott deserved what he got for all his sins. Even though Edgar Allen Poe, Wilkie Collins, and others had written mysteries before him, somehow Arthur Conan Doyle captured the public imagination as no detective writer has. The formula Doyle helped establish for the classic English mystery usually involves several predictable elements: a closed setting such as an isolated house or train; sometimes corpse; a small circle of people who are all suspects; and an investigating detective with extraordinary reasoning powers. Edgar Allen Poe was well known for his crime stories in the 19th century and his stories are still popular today. Although he cant really be called the inventor of the detective story he certainly created a kind of detective. Chevalier C Auguste Dupin was his name; he was a brilliant detective quite like Sherlock Holmes in fact. The detective and mystery stories we read and watch on television and in film can often be traced directly to this literary tradition. Contemporary writers continue to reinvent the basic formula so that, over a hundred years since readers met the great Sherlock Holmes, the detective story is more fresh, interesting, and popular than ever. The key to Arthur Cannon Doyles success include many factors such as, his timing. Doyle let his stories loose in the 19th century where people felt insecure and unsafe; Doyles captured their hearts by introducing to them an extraordinary detective who could solve all their problems when they needed him the most. Also Doyles stories were predictable to a certain extent this made his audience feel safe and reassured that the detective would always solve the case unlike the police at that time. Doyle used crafty red-herrings to complicate matters in his stories adding more suspense and keeping his audience at the edge of their seats although the plot would always be predictable. In addition Doyle knew his target audience, so he used sophisticated language and settings and characters which they could easily relate to. This made Doyle stories very suitable to their target audience. Doyles stories often contain many of these features making them typical of the detective genre. Radia Osman Miss Mubashar English coursework Page 1 of 5 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Womens issues in the 1800´s Essay Example for Free

Womens issues in the 1800 ´s Essay In comparing the three authors and the literary works of women authors, Kate Chopin (1850 -1904), The Awakening, Charlotte Perkins Gilmans (1860-1935), The Yellow Wallpaper, and Edith Whartons (1862-1937) Souls Belated, many common social issues related to women are brought to light, and though subtly pointed out are an outcry against the conventions of the time. In these three stories, which were written between 1899 and 1913, the era was a time in which it seems, women had finally awaken to realize their social oppression and were becoming rebellious in their pursuit of freedom from the male-dominated societal convention in which they existed. They commenced viewing their social stature as unjustly inferior, and they realized that these conventions placed deterrents on their intellectual and personal growth, and on their freedom to function as an independent person. All three of these women authors have by their literary works, voiced their strong unfavorable feelings about the patriarchal society in which they lived. These women authors have served as an eye-opener for readers, both men and women alike, in the past, and hopefully still in the present. (There are still cultures in the world today, where women are treated as unfairly as women were treated in prior centuries). These women authors have impacted a male dominated society into reflecting on of the unfairness imposed upon women. Through their writings, each of these women authors who existed during that masochistic Victorian era, risked criticism and retribution. Each author ignored convention and proceeded to write about womens issues. They took the gamble and suffered the consequences, but each one stood by what is just and reasonable. They were able to portray women as human beings, rather than as totally self-sacrificing and sanctified women, as was expected of women in that era. Todays women are privileged that there were daring women such as Kate Chopin, Edith Wharton, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman. It is also fortunate for us all, that from the late 1800s to the early part of the 1900s there  were women, rich enough to have the luxury of leisure that enabled them write about what they felt were very important issues for women. In Kate Chopins The Awakening and Edith Whartons Souls Belated the two main characters admirably brave, daring, and courageous women. They were women whose souls were belatedly awakened and seemed to have gone through metamorphoses. These two women found that they no longer desired to live by the imposed social moral conventions of the time. They dared to act upon their passion and emotions by opting and daring to live in sin, in order to exercise their own independence and personal freedom; in other words, they refused to live with the public. Though Kate Chopins character, Edna, is portrayed as less than a devoted mother, in the end, she gives up her life for her children sake. She commits suicide so that in the future, her children would not be the objects of malicious societal gossip because of her infidelities. In Gilmans Yellow Wallpaper the main characters (name not mentioned) motherly instincts, are nearly non-existent, since it is implied that part of her mental illness has been triggered by post-partum syndrome. This lack of motherly instinct is depicted when she makes one of the few references to her child, It is fortunate Mary is so good to the baby, such a dear baby, and yet, I cannot be with him, it makes me so nervous (664). In each of the stories the women took dissimilar paths. The paths taken, though unintentional and unconventional, by Chopin and Gilmans heroines have very serious consequences, lead them to their desired freedom and out of their intolerable lifes responsibilities. Chopins character welcomes death through drowning. Gilmans character welcomes insanity. Whartons character initially chooses to risk losing the man she loves, rather than go back to a life plague by social conventions and expectations. Not one of the main characters chooses to go back to their original situation. In Souls  Belated, it is implied that Lydia decides to return to Gannet and possibly marry him, in order to restart living a new life with the man she loves, though she detests societies conventions. All characters were in unhappy marriages where the distribution of love was one-sided. All their marriages seem to have been marriages of convenience, as was the custom of the day, mainly for the upper classes, and all women felt trapped. Chopins character, Edna, married Leonce Pontellier because he was financially stable, and because she wanted to go against her familys wishes. .Add to the violent opposition of her father and her sister Margaret to her marriage to a catholic and we need seek no further motives which led her to accept Monsieur Pontellier for her husband. In the Yellow Wallpaper, the main character speaks of a one-sided love when she reflects; It is so hard to talk to John about my case, because he is so wise, and because he loves me so (663). The author Souls Belated in giving the reader a pointer as to why Lydia acted on her emotions writes .. from the first, regarded her marriage as a full canceling of her claims upon life (674). In all the stories, the authors commonly depict propriety in marriage, a yearning for freedom from convention, loveless marriages, wealth and unconventional women. Chopin and Gilman imply that the mental illnesses experienced by their characters are due mainly, to male oppression. Chopin and Wharton write about infidelity, passion and love; and Chopin and Gilman write about women working for pay. All authors write about women who feel trapped by tradition and convention and all display abhorrence toward the social expectations set for women. Bibliography The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 5th Ed. W.W. Norton Co. NY. 1998. Chopin, Kate. The Awakening 672-690. Charlotte Gilman Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper 657-670. Wharton, Edith. Souls Belated 467-670.

A Mentor Is A More Experienced Individual Nursing Essay

A Mentor Is A More Experienced Individual Nursing Essay My belief in mentoring is to let a mentee develop their skills and to progress professionally on their own rather than a mentor being directive. My idea is in line with Hawkey, (1998, p.665, in Harrison, Dymoke Pell, 2004, p.1065) that mentoring is about mentors giving help to develop mentees skills. However, a mentor plays many roles in the life of a mentee and the mentor role has been defined in various different ways. Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD, 2010) has pointed out, for example, that mentoring is a reciprocal professional learning relationship between the mentor and mentee on what happens in the classroom. In short, mentoring is typically viewed and presented as the process of supporting and guiding the mentee with the aim of helping them to progress professionally. Mentoring has featured in a variety of ways throughout my professional life as an educator. As a first time mentor, it was quite difficult to be a mentor though I am still learning to become more confident and an effective mentor. However, I became interested in unpicking the concepts and practices of mentoring in direct response to my role, which demands me to be more critically aware of the process in order to support my mentee effectively. I have had the good fortune of being both a mentee and now a mentor. In an effort to help build the best mentoring relationship possible, both mentor and mentee need to see if they can communicate with each other since this is an important aspect in the mentor relationship. Pittenger and Heimann, (2000) explores this mentor relationship in George Mapilly (2012) advocating that mentoring relationships require mentor and mentee to engage in challenging activities, utilizing new skills (p.140). Being a first time mentor, it was vital to my continuing practice that I critically examine my own practice in relation to my mentee, since being a critically reflective mentor would help me à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to define a way of thinking that accepts uncertainty and acknowledges dilemmas (Dewey, 1933, 1938; King Kitchener, 1994; Sparks-Langer Colton, 1991; Zehm Kottler, 1993, in Larrivee B. 2000, p294). The purpose of this assignment is to provide information about effective mentoring practice and to suggest how mentors and mentees can get the best out of a mentoring relationship which is highlighted by Holloway and White (1994), by emphasizing that there is a need for an unbiased relationship to enable the mentee to effectively explore their own development (in Woodd, 1997 p.335). The assignment will further evaluate my own practice in peer- mentoring a member of my own department. We both teach Home- Economics and I have been working alongside her for four years. My mentee is an experienced teacher who has been teaching for four years, the same as me. After I arranged a day and time to go observe my mentee, she asked me if we could meet before the class to give me a brief overview about the class. We discussed class size and level. We also briefly discussed the activities that they were going to be doing that day. This initial meeting was important to make her feel at ease (Maynar d, 2000). Basically, the outcomes of my mentoring relationship depended on the interpersonal qualities of both mentor and mentee. Through the mentoring relationship the mentee could achieve guidance practice (Harrison, Dymoke Pell, 2004, p.1058) provided by the mentor. An effective mentor involved being a reflective practitioner (Schà ¶n, 1983, in Russell T. 2005, p.199) as stated by Larrivee B. (2000) that becoming an effective teacher involves considerably more than accumulating skills and strategies. The first week lesson observation (see appendix 1) was not that easy for me as the teacher (mentee) was not feeling at ease and my presence was not highly appreciated. Roberts (2000) quotes Smith and Alfred in saying that it is extremely difficult to fulfill the role of mentorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (p.161). Therefore, mentors need to be good role models (Stammers, 1992, in Roberts, 2000, p. 159) who have the respect of their mentees and are held in good regard for their personal attributes. I hold the opinion that my engagement as a mentor was not as effective as I would have liked in the initial period of mentoring. So, the ability to critically analyze my own performance and to seek ways to improve was fundamental. Hence, being engaged in reflective practice could help to improve professionally and is a great way to increase confidence. I recognised therefore and decided to look closely at Gibbs reflective cycle (Gibbs, 1988) so that I could use this as a better model for future meetings. I was new to the role of mentor and did not fully understand the challenges of mentoring as I was not demonstrating enough attention and support to my mentee. Only upon being engaged in the mentor-mentee relationship really opened my eyes to the potential of mentoring and the role I could play. Lester and Johnson (1981), envelop the holistic nature of mentoring by saying that mentoring is a one- to- one learning relationship between an an older person and a less experienced person based on a modelling of behaviour and extended dialogue between them. (in George Mampilly, 2012, p.137). With this increased understanding, I started to engage much better in my role. I was not there to answer all the questions but to listen and hopefully help my mentee find her own answers. As a mentor, I felt there was an obvious need to use a range of strategies that would enable my mentee to develop her skills. For a successful and productive mentoring relationship, it was important for both mentor a nd mentee to have a common view of their roles and to understand how to get the best out of the mentoring experience. Once I completed the Bell (2002), mentors scale, I realized that I am very kind- hearted and a generous person where I am inclined more to openness, sociability and less to dominance. This is significant, as I am open to criticism and this positively helped me while mentoring. I furthermore laid stress on the significance of communication as I would have failed as a mentor if there were communication barriers between us. It was very noteworthy for me that my mentee sensed as resolved as she could, as this shall aid to strongly build a hopeful mentor and mentee relationship. My mentee has been teaching the same length as me. Since my presence was not highly appreciated during the first week, I thought we should have a feedback meeting as soon as possible. It is identified by Waite, 1997; Hyland Lo, 2006; Copland, 2008a, in Copland (2010) that In order to perform these duties, tutors/mentors usually hold a feedback session with the trainee teacher after having observed them teaching ( p. 266). In the course of this meeting while questioning her, it became clear that she felt pressured due to my presence in the class. Therefore it was very important that I build her confidence by being as supportive as I could and wanted her to be independent. Korthagen Vasalos, (2005) claimed that many teacher educators use Kolbs model (Kolb Fry, 1975), which describes experiential learning as a cyclical process of concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation (p.50). I followed the Kolb model of experiential learning (Kolb, 1984). This suggested that by going through the different stages of the learning cycle could help both mentor and mentee engage in professional learning development. As a result, mentors can thus help mentees develop the skills of reflective practice and acquire initial experiences (Russell T. 2005, p.199) On the other hand, a mentors responsibility is also to help another individual to address the major transitions or thresholds that the individual is facing (Megginson, 1994, in Woodds, 1997, p335). Mentors do not need to be perfect but they do need to be willing and able to grow in a relationship and build on mutual contributions where this role is seen as an occasion to learn from the mentee as well as providing training to her. During the second week observation (see appendix 2), I believe there was a shift in our relationship. We were encouraging each other with our own professional development and there was a new air of confidence surrounding us. As I assisted my mentee to develop her own professional practice, I was interested into improving my own mentoring skills (Coombs and Fletcher, 2005). Working in a collaborative way enabled me as a mentor to start finding solutions to the problems arising. Since a mentor is someone who imparts knowledge and experience and shares it with a less experienced person; he/ she acts as a guide (Roberts, 2000), master or advisor (Gibbs, 2003). Thus, the mentor also uses specific skills, frameworks and processes to develop insight and to promote change. In regard to knowledge development, good mentors are seen as sources of knowledge (Little, 1990, in Orland- Barak Hasin, 2009, p.429). In this respect, mentors access their theoretical knowledge and translate it for mento ring purposes in order to enhance the mentees teaching- learning processes (Ardery, 1990: Roberts, 2000, in Orland- Barak Hasin, 2009, p.429). The term mentor has been used for a number of different models, as I believe there are many factors that affect the role including the mentees level of experience and the time in the mentoring relationship. As a mentor I had encountered some difficulties in finding the best way to work with my mentee so I was keen to adopt a different approach to my mentoring relationship. If my skills of mentoring were lacking then my mentee might have received less support during mentoring relationship than she otherwise would have done. Yet, I veered more towards the directive approach and was offering suggestions rather than waiting for my mentee to come to her own conclusions. My focus was very much on the development of my interpersonal skills and practice. Nevertheless, it was in listening where I felt that there was actual development in my practice over the two observations. My understanding to a mentors role was that I should be a good listener (Cain, 2009, p.55) so that I enable my mentee to reflect on the actuality of her practice (John and Gilchrist, 1999, p.102). I was actually in the moment, listening to what was being said and then responding to it, rather than listening and trying to work out what was my own response to them might be. Likewise, the Mauritian Teaching Competencies 2.3 (See Appendix 6), teachers should be able to gain learners attention and be able to sustain their interests. My mentee used video lesson to gain the learners attention. Moreover, she did not meet the terms with the Mauritian Teaching Competencies 1.2.4 and 1.2.5 (see Appendix 6), which are: an understanding of the special needs of individual learners and of specific learning difficulties, an understanding of how to develop the thinking and problem solving skills of learners across the curriculum. She should pay attention to the development of literacy and numeracy skills in every subject, every lesson (DfES 2004, 3, p.2). It is imperative to highlight the features of each subject that need constant attention in order to boost performance and ensure progression. It is thus significant to realise what motivates lower-attaining students to learn and what methods could be used in in order to create motivation. By following the third observation (see appendix 3), there may be, therefore, a mismatch with a teacher who, as a qualified person, would wish to be able to make their own decisions about personal and professional development and about their pupils needs. In my communications with my mentee consequently made me feel assured by seeing her able to use appropriate teaching strategies relevant to the age, ability and attainment level of learners which is an area which is linked to Mauritian teaching competency 1.3.4 (see appendix 6). When I observed my mentee in class, she did engage the students in group work which was lacking during the first observation, conformed to the active engagement techniques (DfES, 2004, 11). My mentee involved the students in sharing their knowledge, ideas and perspectives and arrive at a fuller understanding than they might have done working alone (DfES, 2004, 11, p.5). In order for a successful mentoring relationship take place, I believe that skills and qu alities such as open communication (Bradbury Koballa, 2008, p.55), listening (Edwards and Collison, 1996, in Hobson, 2002, p.2135), mutual trust (Awaya et al., 2003, p.55) and being supportive should prevail. Mentoring and coaching provides a vital link with positive reflective practice. Throughout the mentoring relationship, there need to be a strong sense of self belief and efficacy, as goals can be realistically achieved. Through this experience, I managed to prove myself and help my mentee by not giving up. The foundation for being a good mentor is in building a good working relationship with the mentee. Achieving this one initial, important goal will solidly underpin every other aspect of mentoring. In mentoring, time is at a premium. As such, there should be effective use of time in order for good working relationships to be achieved as quickly as possible. However, to achieve this, the mentees first day and week should be managed in a productive and welcoming way (Maynard, 2 000, p.26), and furthermore the mentor should make use of good communication skills and active listening. The effective mentor does not feel that they are perfect nor that they know all the answers. They are real people who are still learning themselves but are willing to share what they do know. Good mentors are non- judgmental about their mentees and in being so are able to develop a relationship based upon trust and acceptance. Only in such an open and trusting atmosphere can a student really feel at ease and free to ask for help and to question. Perhaps the most useful communication skill in mentoring is that of active listening. I then proceeded with my fourth class observation (See Appendix 4). By identifying my strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats helped me to develop and improve my own mentoring skills. For this assignment, a personal SWOT analysis (QuintCareers.Com) was developed where I reflected on my own development as a mentor. The SWOT analysis (see appendix 7) was then used to identify my personal development goals. The goals were centered on consolidating strengths and thinking about how best I could use them. The goals were also about overcoming my weaknesses, exploiting opportunities and nullifying threats. The personal SWOT analysis proved to be a useful tool for helping me to be self- reflective. As a consequence my aim as a mentor was to increase teacher effectiveness where while mentoring I assumed my responsibility to help mentee evaluate and overcome challenges in the classroom in order to become better teachers (Korthagen, 2004). Particularly, my idea is in line with Lopez-Rea l Kwan, (2005, in Kwan Lopez-Real, 2010) that in the process of mentoring, my own personal and professional understanding developed as I worked collaboratively and reflectively with my mentee (p. 724). When I observed my mentee in class, she portrayed an image of a teacher who stands at the front of the classroom and explaining things (Korthagen, 2004, p.81). Learning can be described as a process (Edwards Protheroe, 2003). The environment such as: school culture and classroom, where the learner will evolve is an important fact. Therefore, the teacher (mentee) has to act as a facilitator. The teacher has to be more students centered and lass dominant in the classroom. Thus the teachers approach to interaction with learners should be different. To some extent, my mentee have used engaged learning technique in the classroom. Basically, in terms of building prior knowledge of students, this is done by conducting a brainstorming session in class (DfES, 2004, 19)My mentee organised th e students into group so that they could discuss, plan, monitor and reflect on their work. As such they developed their thinking and problem solving skills. As a result, the role of the mentor became one of raising the ante by gradually (Edwards Protheroe, 2003, p. 231) facilitating the mentee to distinguish and answer to the difficulty of the situation even though, the mentee as learner is involved in practice. My first time as a mentor allowed me to learn a lot where I learnt about my individual development as a mentor. It has also helped me out to achieve the ability to challenge, motivate and reflect. In sum, if mentoring relationship is successful then inevitably the coach themselves will notice an increase in their own awareness. I feel that the process of trying to identify myself as a mentor has equipped me with skills which will serve me well both professionally and personally and I can say without doubt that the journey thus far has been very enlightening. This piece of work underlined, the significance of the affective in students school-based learning: the close relationship that exists between the personal and the professional (Furlong Maynard, 1995, in Maynard, 2000, p.29). In mentoring, mentee often discussed good practice and made reference to how mentors made them feel. For example, welcome, accepted, included, supported and recognised as an individual (Maynard, 2000). The way in which the mentee responded to me in this respect impacted on the mentor mentee relationship and eventually contributed to her success. There is absolutely a need for mentors to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to work effectively with the mentee.

Shakespere on Management Essay -- William Shakespeare Plays Essays

Shakespeare on Management I never knew that Shakespeare had to do with management, but after reading this book it made me realize the true importance of being a manager, and the way that real managers act toward their employees. I used to think that Management was just about giving orders and keeping the business on track but after reading this book I recognized that there is a lot more to management than that. Shakespeare wrote plays that were full of contradiction and ambiguity. He chose many different dramatic ways of building ambiguity into his plays. He used strong characters, fools, and scoundrels to give his leaders different messages. The world of Management also has its ambiguities, and when it doesn’t recognize this it fails. What managers can learn from this book is that there are people who have similar problems to ours and we can learn from their experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every book argues that without leadership, managers and businesses will fail, along with the idea that leadership is the quality that is missing every day of real managers. Shakespeare’s characters demonstrated different ways that leadership could be provided. Until the sixteenth century, almost everybody believed that leaders were born and not made. Shakespeare argued about this point of view. Some of the leaders that he created failed because they based their power on the fact that they were born to be leaders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Shakespeare’s (Peter and Waterman, 1982: 75) the point that Peter’s is trying to make is that great leaders make meanings for their staff, which means that they provide their staff with the importance of communicating motivation. In Shakespeare’s Henry the fifth’s speech during the battle of Harfleur. They are in a war with the French, but the French has a strong defense and Henry’s troops start giving up. Henry makes a speech to them that truly gives an example of leadership. â€Å"Once more unto the breach, dear friends once more; Or close the wall up with our English dead†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ On on, you noblest English, Whose blood is fet from fathers of war-proof! Fathers that, like so many Alexanders, Have in these parts from morn til even fought And sheathed their swords for lack of argument; Dishonour not your mothers; now attest That those whom you call’d fathers did beget you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ For there is none of you so mean and base, That hath not noble luster in your eyes. ... ...p Peters contains a warning to all managers, disagreeing that if you don’t succeed in paying attention to the little people, you will fail because sooner or later, they will get you back. They have the power to stop even the greatest leaders. I think Shakespeare really believes this, it shows through his plays how he has leaders listen to people and how he gives the little people strong characters. The reason that both Shakespeare and Tom Peters give for managers to listen to the little people is not only because it is of good morals for managers to do so but also because it is necessary in order to run a company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Shakespeare’s plays the consequences of poor leadership are almost predictable: heads roll, people fall on their swords, bodies fall to the stage. Although the outcome isn’t as severe for most managers, many leaders still make the mistake of becoming â€Å"royal leaders† when that’s not the role they should be playing. In Shakespeare’s plays, as the author plainly demonstrates, successful leadership is not the result of just being born to do it. Throughout his plays, the most successful leaders are those who earn their position and the respect of those around them.

The Beatles and the Paul McCartney Hoax :: Research Papers Paul mcCartney Essays

I read the news today, oh boy, about a lucky man who made the grade...he blew his mind out in a car. He didn't notice that the lights had changed.(the Beatles, 1967) These lyrics proved to fans that Paul McCartney had indeed died in a tragic auto accident in late 1966. Some people were skeptical about the explanation, but upon investigating the album covers and the lyrics of the Beatles' songs, the story seems to make sense. Some of the lyrics have to be a twisted in order to make sense in the prank, but after an explanation, the clues are perfectly coherent. For thirty-one years, the "Paul Death Hoax" has intrigued a horde of Beatles' fans and fanatics alike. While it's difficult to point to an absolute point of origination, there is no evidence whatsoever that the Beatles themselves had anything to do with the story, although many claim that the Beatles intended it to be a joke the their fans. However, clues, which seem so cleverly arranged, are random coincidences or inaccurate interpretations of existing facts, and all Beatles have denied that they were in any way involved with the deceit. This leads people to believe that maybe Paul did die in that alleged accident. In the late summer 1969, the Northern Illinois University campus newspaper, Northern Star, obtained a list of clues from a student who wrote a research paper on the hoax. (Saki) Russell Gibb, a disc jockey for the Detroit radio station, WNKR, then got a copy of it from a friend of his, and on his radio show, proceeded to read them and even make up his own on the spot. Within a few days, Gibb and his coworkers were astonished to see that newspapers and reporters took his on-air joke too seriously and spread the story more widely. (Saki) More clues came about when Fred Labour, arts reviewer of the University of Michigan's student newspaper, The Michigan Daily, was asked to review "Abbey Road." He had listened to Gibb's radio show a few days before this, and was inspired to write his own article, based on "clues" from Gibb and making up his own. The newspaper published the article under the title, "McCartney Dead; New Evidence Brought to Light." (Saki) Labour and the editor,! J. Gray, assumed that everyone knew it was a joke. The rest of the world took it seriously, and soon Labour was swamped with phone calls from media who wanted more information about his findings.

Comparing Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill Essay example -- Karl Marx vs

Karl Marx was born and educated in Prussia, where he fell under the influence of Ludwig Feuerbach and other radical Hegelians. Although he shared Hegel's belief in dialectical structure and historical inevitability, Marx held that the foundations of reality lay in the material base of economics rather than in the abstract thought of idealistic philosophy. He earned a doctorate at Jena in 1841, writing on the materialism and atheism of Greek atomists, then moved to Kà ¶ln, where he founded and edited a radical newspaper, Rheinische Zeitung. Although he also attempted to earn a living as a journalist in Paris and Brussels, Marx's participation in unpopular political movements made it difficult to support his growing family. He finally settled in London in 1849, where he lived in poverty while studying and developing his economic and political theories. Above all else, Marx believed that philosophy ought to be employed in practice to change the world. Although it at first had little impact on the varied revolutionary movements of the mid-19th century Europe, the Communist Manifesto was to become one of the most widely read and discussed documents of the 20th century. Marx sought to differentiate his brand of socialism from others by insisting that it was scientifically based in the objective study of history, which he saw as being a continuous process of change and transformation. Just as feudalism had naturally evolved into mercantilism and then capitalism, so capitalism would inevitably give way to its logical successor, socialism as the necessary result of class struggle. Marx's insistence that tough-minded realism should replace the utopian idealism of earlier socialists had profound consequences: it enabled revolutionaries like Lenin to be put it into action, but it also tended to encourage its followers to accept ruthless means to justify what they believed were historically necessary ends. Radical politics were being much m ore widely discussed than the small number of radicals justified; but Marx uses this fact to his advantage by proclaiming that any ideology so feared must be important and worth explaining clearly. In the notes, "Marx" is used as shorthand for both Marx and Engels. The Manifesto was originally issued in several languages, including an English version. According to Mark, the modern age is a dangerous age, an age in which we might ... ...or the few is solely due to its non-existence in the hands of those nine-tenths. You reproach us, therefore, with intending to do away with a form of property, the necessary condition for whose existence is the non-existence of any property for the immense majority of society. In one word, you reproach us with intending to do away with your property. Precisely so; that is just what we intend. From the moment when labour can no longer be converted into capital, money, or rent, into a social power capable of being monopolised, i.e., from the moment when individual property can no longer be transformed into bourgeois property, into capital, from that moment, you say individuality vanishes. You must, therefore, confess that by "individual" you mean no other person than the bourgeois, than the middle-class owner of property. This person must, indeed, be swept out of the way, and made impossible. Works Cited Marx, K. and Engels, F. Manifesto of the Communist Party, in The Portable Karl Marx, edited by E. Kamenka, New York: Penguin Books 1983. Mill, John Stuart.  On Liberty. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1978. Mill, John Stuart.  Utilitarianism.  Indianapolis: Hackett, 2001

Health Effects of Air Pollution

Air pollution could affect the climate, the environment, and human health.   Among these areas, the health is the main focus of this paper (Thomson Scientific, 2005).Polluted air may contain one or more hazardous substances that affect human health.   The term of measurement for this is â€Å"particulate matter† or the number of particles of potentially hazardous substances as percentage of air.This includes a wide range of pollutants.   Examples of particulate matter includes road dust, diesel soot, fly ash, wood smoke, nitrates in fertilizers, sulfate aerosols, lead, and arsenic to name a few.The suggested Federal limit of an â€Å"average† of 50 micrograms of â€Å"particulate matter† per cubic foot of air in one year period is considered poor air quality {Gore, 2005).Health effects of air pollution could be short-term or long-term. Effects will depend on the individual’s sensitivity.   When it comes to the extent of harm, it usually depends on the total exposure to damaging chemicals. Short-term effects may include simple symptoms such as headaches, nausea and allergic reactions.These symptoms could lead to irritation of the eyes, nose and throat.   There are also severe cases which could lead to upper respiratory infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.   It may be short-term but the effects are severe and will need more medical attention.   Air pollutants also have long-term effects which include lung cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and heart disease.These effects could even damage the brain, nerves, liver or kidneys.   According to the National Resources Defense Council, some 64,000 people in the USA may be dying prematurely each year from cardiopulmonary causes linked to air pollution (Gore, 2005).The most affected people were the children, and the elderly.   In addition, people with health problems such as asthma, hearth disease also suffer more when air is polluted. In 1995 study by the American C ancer Society and Harvard Medical School, air pollution accounts for about 300,000 premature deaths in USA each year (Gore, 2005).Children are one of the most affected by air pollution because they have not yet fully developed their immune system.   Simple cigarette smoke and smoke coming from exhausts of motor vehicles could be detrimental to them.Researchers have reported in their long study that children teenagers in Southern California were likely to have diminished lung function because of severe air pollution.   The study made by James Gauderman of University of Southern California and his colleagues was published in New England Journal of Medicine on 1,759 children ages 10 to 18 in a dozen Southern California communities.The study was concluded that the reason for the diminishing lung function came primarily from car exhaust.   It was found out that 7.9 percent of the 18-year-olds in the highest pollution areas had lung capacities that were less than 80 percent of what they should have been.Among those subjected to the least-polluted air, 1.6 percent had underperforming lungs. It was also reported that there were similar effects when children live in the home of a mother who smokes.   Estimated was half a million die prematurely every year in the United States as a result of smoking cigarettes (Gore, 2004).Just like children, elderly and people with health problems are most at risk in polluted air.     As people grow older, they encounter more and more health problems which could be aggravated by air pollution.   The exact impact may not be thoroughly understood but long term exposure may increase susceptibility to infections.Also to be taken into account is the duration of the exposure and concentration of the particulate matter in the air.   It is estimated that polluted air shortened the lives by an average of one to two years. In the great â€Å"Smog Disaster† in London in 1952, four thousand people died in few days due to hig h concentrations of pollution (Gore, 2005).There are many steps made to protect human health against air pollution.   American Lung Association is very active and recommends the use of heat recovery ventilator or an energy recovery ventilator remove stale polluted air (Gore, 2005).A treaty called Kyoto Protocol in 1997 entered as part of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change made a great impact on reducing air pollution.   The treaty aims to reduce emission of dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide by industrialized countries which affects the health of their citizens. One measure adopted in the treaty to reduce harmful discharges is creation of carbon emission (CO) credits.Those who failed to observe the restriction will be ordered to install necessary equipment to reduce the air pollution under pain of severe financial sanction or buy (CO) credits.The credits are like ordinary commodities.   They could sell to it to companies that f ind it difficult to comply with the emission restriction.   If the market value of the (CO) credit is higher than the cost of pollution reduction equipment, they will be forced to comply thus, reducing the air pollution that affects human health.According to reports, these (CO) credits are now being traded in the exchanges of Chicago Climate Exchange in the US, European Climate Exchange in United Kingdom, Nord Pool in Norway and PowerNext in France. (Palabrica, 2007).ReferencesPalabrica, R. (2007). Trading on climate change, corporate securities info.Philippine Daily Inquirer.Thomson Scientific (2005). Air pollution. Retrieved September 7, 2007 fromESI Special Topics. Retrieved on September 7, 2007 from http://esi-topics.com/airpolGore, P. (2005). Air pollution health effects. Retrieved August 7, 2007 from http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/pollution-main.html

Foreign Language Learning and Inclusion Essay

In her article, Foreign Language Learning and Inclusion: Who? Why? What? And How? , Hilary McColl presents some interesting arguments about both the usefulness and the practicality of enacting a full foreign language program for students with disabilities. The article is interesting in many respects, but mainly because of the fact that it addresses so many pertinent issues. It takes the time to not only study the basics on foreign language learning in these young people, but it also digs deeply into the reasons why such learning should take place in all schools. The article’s main purpose is to provide a thought provoking laundry list of reasons why foreign language learning is so important to the development of a well-educated society, despite some of the concerns that might convince people otherwise. As the title of the article suggest, McColl takes the time to answer some of the important basic questions about foreign language learning and the inclusion of certain students. The question of who is important in this essay because it is a basic tenet of inclusion. She is very clear that the group of children she is worried about are those who have been deemed â€Å"special† by the system. They are the kids with learning disabilities. They are important to this debate because there is rampant speculation that these children do not have the capacity to learn a foreign language and even if they did, it would not be nearly as important to them as learning some of the other skills out that they might be presented with. She argues against the notion that these students would be better off without having to learn a foreign language and presents compelling evidence to the contrary. She wastes no time in identifying these students as the ones that she is primarily concerned with for the purposes of this study, though. The article also deals with the issue of why. It is not enough to simply say that a certain group of students must be included in the foreign language teaching. She goes the next step to showing why they must be included in this learning. The purpose of her study was to show that having these children learn a foreign language was not only beneficial to them in their development, but it was also beneficial to society as a whole. As a general rule, the more that students learn about another country and its languages or cultures, the more likely they will be to make good multi-cultural decisions. Since a society full of people who understand and respect other cultures is absolutely essential to economic and global prosperity, it is in the country’s best interests to include all of its students in any sort of foreign language program. She is adamant about this fact as it is the one basic tenet of her entire argument. It is also very important to note that she provides a detailed case analysis showing the fact that these students actually have the capacity to learn these types of things. This is incredibly important to the overall body of her work. While her ideas and thoughts are important enough on their own, they can be taken even more seriously when one considers them alongside some solid evidence. This is why her article has gained such recognition, because she has done the research to back up her claims that children with disabilities still have the capacity to gain and grow from the experience of learning a foreign language. With the important question of why out of the way, the study itself takes a distinct turn to being much more pragmatic. The first part of this article deals with the ideals behind why all students should be included in this type of learning program. The second part is much more about implementation and what must be done. Her discussion of curriculum development is particular intriguing, as she breaks down not only some of the solutions for this learning gap, but she also details what a few of the potential roadblocks could be. Since McColl has extensive experience working with these children and she knows well what their strengths and weaknesses are, she can provide a detailed analysis of what needs to be done in order to make this happen. This is yet another example where her research has helped to make her arguments more compelling. The how in her article is simply an extension of the implementation plan. She is detailed in how she provides a step-by-step look at home such a program could be constructed. From the staff construction to the perfect implementation of a targeted curriculum, her entire article is based upon a problem and a very definite solution. She brings up some interesting strategies and ideas that ultimately must be considered because of their validity and the level of research done in her work. All in all, the article itself is an in-depth analysis of what the author feels is a growing social problem with the education system in the United States. Not only are students not getting the growth that they need when they are excluded from foreign language programs, but the nation as a whole suffers as a result. It is well worded, but above that, it is a well supported argument that has excellent ideology to go along with some excellent research.

Information Based Decision Making Essay

Summary The objective of this report is to look at information based decision making and demonstrate how the decisions have been made. I will look into what sources of data is needed to generate the information required for effective decision making. The information gathered is then analysed and presented. The investigation is based on the effectiveness of student use or training within in the educational environment of purchasing a Pacojet. Pacojet is a professional kitchen appliance that micro-purees deep-frozen foods into ultra-fine textures (such as mousses, sauces and sorbets) without thawing â€Å"(Wikipedia, 2012). The recommendation which will be made to the Hospitality Head of Department where the decision making process responsibility lies is; Pacojet is a modern piece of equipment used in restaurants worldwide. Students with access or experience with a Pacojet would be beneficial in the hospitality industry as the students’ knowledge would enhance creativity within themselves and in the long run save their future employers training costs. Pacojet is versatile with ingredients, produces a superior end product, saves time with labour, raw material and if operated efficiently the Pacojet would pay for itself within three months. Introduction â€Å"Pacojet is a dynamic professional kitchen appliance that makes it easy to prepare high-quality dishes while saving time, labour and reducing food waste. Tens of thousands of chefs worldwide rely on Pacojet to produce exquisite mousses, sauces and ice creams at the press of a button. No matter what the season, your culinary creations will be complimented for their intense, natural flavours.† (Studios, 2012) As gaining personal experience with the Pacojet while working within the industry, sharing my experience with the students during practical classes verbally and with diagrams does not effectively engage the students with the learning experience. Having comparable products within the practical class where the students could make the items themselves using two processes, one being the Pacojet. The products would then be compared visually, taste and the cost effectiveness thus enhancing the learners experience with in the practical kitchen. The data sources used were chosen because as the information needs to be fit for purpose. It needs to be relevant, current, adequate, timely, reliable, and of course cost effective. There are two types of information that can be collected; primary and secondary. Primary information is data collected first hand whilst Secondary information is published data and the data collected in the past or other parties. The primary information selected in this report is survey replies from experienced Head Chefs working within various areas in the industry, as well as information gathered from the manufacturer and suppliers. The secondary information that has been collected are various types of media releases related to the year 2012, also articles discussing key equipment changes within the kitchen when updating or starting new. Additionally case studies and personal recommendations on purchasing Pacojet equipment have been resourced as well. Quantitative information is data that is numerical information (numbers). The Quantitative data gathered is the data gathered from the survey replies, also the data on the Pacojet cost, as well as the pay back calculation in relation to sales and profit. The qualitative information is, â€Å"data that approximates or characterizes but does not measure the attributes, characteristics, properties† (Dictionary, 2012) The qualitative information collected is the non-numerical details such as the survey results before being graphed and just based on an individual opinion. Also the operation information on the Pacojet and additionally case studies and personal recommendations While collecting, analysing and storing data legal requirements must be adhered to. The key principles in the Data protection Act are; †¢Data will be processed fairly and lawfully. †¢Personal data gathered for specific and lawful purposes. †¢Data will be adequate and relevant. †¢Personal data will be accurate and in date. †¢Personal data shall not be kept for longer than necessary. †¢Personal data if used unlawfully will have consequences. †¢Personal data should not be transferred outside the European Economic area. Further information on the Data Protection Act can be found at www.ico.gov.ik The methods of communicating the information found are a PowerPoint presentation, following a practical demonstration within a classroom. â€Å"Some people are auditory learners, and some are visual learners, which simply mean they process and retain information better by either hearing it or seeing it. One of the advantages to PowerPoint is that it presents information simultaneously to both styles of learners† (Dowell, 2012) The practical demonstration will provide a hands on approach to show the ease of operating a Pacojet, as well as offering a comparison of products produced be the Pacojet. The practical demonstration consisted of comparing ice cream, sorbets and a variety of savoury sauces made the traditional method the Pacojet. The outcome was favourable towards the Pacojet. Recipe costings, tasting and presentation were all succeeded towards the Pacojet. â€Å"A high-quality decision helps an organization accomplish its strategic goals and also meets the needs of the organization’s employees, executives, stockholders, consumers, or suppliers† (Unknown, 2012) The decision making models applied during this report were the Decision Tree, and the OODA Loop Sequence. The Decision Tree â€Å"provides a highly effective structure within which you can lay out options and investigate the possible outcomes of choosing those options. They also help you to form a balanced picture of the risks and rewards associated with each possible course of action.† (Anon., 2012) In creating the decision tree, this allows thought and reflection regarding the Pacojet and the data that will be collected. This also acknowledges the visualisation on outcomes or solutions that have not been considered, as well as the areas focused on. The benefits of constructing a Decision Tree are the clarity of the problem is focused on as well as providing a framework to determine the values of outcomes and the possibilities of achieving them. The OODA Loop sequence: 1. Observe – collect current information from as many sources as practically possible. During this stage looking out for new information is required. The more information gathered will result in being more precise in your observation. 2. Orient – analyse the information, and use it to update your current reality. This is the interpretation of the situation. Each individual is influenced when analysing the situation. â€Å"John Boyd former US Air Force Colonel identifies five main influences. †¢ Cultural traditions. †¢ Genetic heritage. †¢ The ability to analyse and synthesize. †¢ Previous experience. †¢ New information coming in.† (2012) 3. Decide – determine a course of action. As cycling the OODA Loops new information or decisions made can change past decisions and actions. The outcome is that learning occurs during the orient stage, in which influences the decision making process. 4. Act – follow through on your decision. The decision is applied and the cycle repeats back to the observe stage where the effects of the decision making can be observed. The OODA Loops sequence is a fast paced decision making model. Here you should have a fast momentum in which you orient and reorient based upon new information coming in. There should be a smooth transition between the stages. This allows you a proactive approach in quick decision making which is beneficial in keeping on top of your competitors. Conclusion/Recommendation In conclusion the information gathered and presented will not have a formal decision made upon by myself. The information is presented and passed on the Head of the Department. Here a decision will be made and then a purchased order place. The information selected in this report is survey replies from experienced Head Chefs working within various areas in the industry, as well as information gathered from the manufacturer and suppliers. The information that has been collected are various types of media releases related to the year 2012, also articles discussing key equipment changes within the kitchen when updating or starting new. Additionally case studies and personal recommendations on purchasing Pacojet equipment have been resourced as well. The information collected though not all stated within the report gave a solid background and self-confidence within when presenting the PowerPoint and practical presentation. The final recommendation remains; Students with access or experience with a Pacojet would be beneficial in the hospitality industry as the students’ knowledge would enhance creativity within themselves and in the long run save their future employers training costs. Pacojet is versatile with ingredients, produces a superior end product, saves time with labour, raw material and if operated efficiently the Pacojet would pay for itself within three months.

Motivational Interviewing Essay

The Motivational Interviewing and Stages of Change approach is complementary to the cultural values of Native American people and emphasizes listening, learning, and respect. Addictions in this day and time can be contributed to many factors and effect every ethnicity of people. Substance addiction has even affected the smallest ethnicity of people, Native Americans since their encounter with white people. Motivational Interviewing (MI) has even helped Native Americans through counselors learning and implementing the techniques. Even though clients are naturally resistant to change, utilizing the three pillars are very effective in helping even Native American people because expressing empathy shows that you care and developing discrepancy between client’s present behaviors and values & beliefs. Counselors today need to be trained in MI and cross culturally trained also to better serve individuals. I would through MI be empathic and express it through reflective listening, paraphrase what I hear from the client, ask them let me see if I am hearing you correctly, You are saying†¦.., I would communicate respectfully with the client, be supportive and establish a non-judgmental therapeutic relationship with the client. There are some great CBT techniques alone with homework assignments to help deal with the shame and embarrassment that a client is feeling about their substance use or other problems that are going on. CBT can be self talk with positive statements to themselves, daily mood and thought record and etc. There are so many techniques that can be utilized with MI to help a client even through shame. As a counselor, I will utilize the following principles known also as pillars with MI to help motivate my clients: expressing empathy through reflective listening, developing discrepancy between client’s present behavior and values & beliefs, rolling with resistance by avoiding arguments & confrontation also adjust to the resistance, and last support self-efficacy by affirming clients strengths and allowing freedom and choice. First pillar that would be utilized is expressing empathy. Expressing empathy means to understand my client, know and respect where they are in the stage of change , and using reflective listening by using reflection, paraphrasing, or summarizing what has been stated by the client. For example, so let me get this right you said †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. , Did I get that right? Okay, let me see if I understand what you are feeling right now. In other words walk a mile in their moccasins and know where they are coming from. Second, pillar that would be used is developing discrepancy by getting the client to see that their behaviors that they are exhibiting does not reflect what they have stated that is their values, beliefs, and morals. I would listen to my clients, reflecting, and ask open ended-question. According to Capuzzi & Stauffer (2012), â€Å"When a client is able to experience an internal discrepancy between his or her current behaviors and his or her values, beliefs, and goals, the change process can begin. This is due in large part to the underlying principle of cognitive dissonance (p.131). Third pillar is rolling with resistance which is where a client is resistant to change than as a counselor I would not argue with the client, I will ask the client to tell me more about their view point so that I can understand where they are coming from more. Most important avoid labeling a client. I would ask open-ended questions to invite them in to talk more about what they believe is their reason for not wanting to change, engage in problem solving, or maybe reflecting back their values, beliefs, and goals (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2012). Last pillar is support self-efficacy which is fostering the client’s belief that they can make the necessary changes successfully, making sure the client knows that they are responsible for deciding to change and carrying out the change, let the client know my belief that they can change, and guide client to explore alternative problem solving solutions or approaches to change (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2012). In conclusion, I learned that if a counselor is trained in MI and understands how to deliver the techniques with clients that it would be an effective technique with clients to motivate the stage of changes. For instance, â€Å"data from the current survey collected in a Native American community suggest that MI may be well suited as an intervention to prevent underage drinking and that a MI research program to reduce underage drinking would be generally well tolerated in this reservation community (Tonigan, Miller, & Villanueva, 2007). References Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. (Eds.). (2012). Foundations of addiction counseling (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. Tonigan, J. S., Miller, W. R., & Villanueva, M. (2007). Response of native american clients to three treatment methods for alcohol dependence Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,url,cookie,uid&an=28650827&db=ehh&scope=site&site=ehost; http://xs6th8dt4r.search.serialssolutions.com.library.gcu.edu:2048?sid=CentralSearch:EDJ&genre=article&atitle=Response+of+Native+American+Clients+to+Three+Treatment+Methods+for+Alcohol+Dependence.&volume=6&issue=2&title=Journal+of+Ethnicity+in+Substance+Abuse&issn=1533-2640&date=2007-06-01&spage=41&aulast=Tonigan&aufirst=J

Liberty Coun 501 Ethics Comparison

Ethics Codes Comparison Paper H Michele Wallach Liberty University Online Abstract These publications regarding ethics, American Counseling Association: Code of Ethics (2005) and the American Association of Christian Counseling: Code of Ethics (2004), are available as a reference for use. The purpose of this paper is to compare general and specific elements of the two publications. There are two areas of general exploration: 1) relation to their format for retrieval of specific data, 2) their value or standards basis, if any, from which the publications are written.More specifically three specific areas will be compared. First, the area of informed consent as it relates to the client and the counselor. Second, codes relating to conduct for relationships with former clients. Third and lastly, is how each of the publications relates to the issue of abortion. Limitations were evident in that many codes do not offer rationale. Future review of revisions would be an effective part of know ledge to use of both publications.The field of professional counseling provides for occasions for the counselor to make decisions based on professional ethics. Ethics can be commonly derived from one’s own values. In order to create a more consistent standard codes of ethics have been published. Two of these publications will be used in this paper: 1) American Counseling Association (ACA): Code of Ethics (2005), 2) American Association of Christian Counselors (AACC): Code of Ethics (2004). Whereas these organizations are based on different ideals, a general comparison will be made.Inasmuch as revisions are ongoing, this paper will review several that were revised in the latest publication, as highlighted in the article New Mandates and Imperatives in the Revised ACA Code of Ethics. (2009) Section I: General comparison of the two codes The ACA: Code of Ethics (2005) and the AACC: Code of Ethics (2004), each offer a logical breakdown of codes referring to situations of an ethic al nature and is presented in a format that is easily referenced by both the seasoned professional and the novice.The design and layout of the ACA: Code of Ethics is laid out with color and graphics and written very formally, giving a tone of legal-ease. The ACA: Code of Ethics codes section is formatted in columns, suggesting the style of a quick access guide. The ACA: Code of Ethics codes are set up in sections with the first level header served by an upper case alphabet letter in chronological order, broken down further by a numerical value in chronological order, and then finally sub-divided once more by a lower case alphabet letter in chronological order.The AACC: Code of Ethics is laid out in a streamlined fashion and executed with a professional vernacular tone. The AACC: Code of Ethics has no color or specialty graphics adorning its pages and the codes section pages are laid out in a full page format without the use of columns. The AACC: Code of Ethics codes are set up in se ctions with the first level header served by and upper case Roman numeral, the next level is led by the upper case letters of the first two words of the section followed by a numerical value, with no spaces, the section is further sub-divided into numerical values carrying three place values (i. . 100,101, etc. ) in chronological order. At this level, within each section, when a new sub-topic started the numeric value will move to the ten’s place chronologically. Is this important? Absolutely, it is the virtual road map to referencing where information can be found. Although the description here is in generalities, it is to the advantage of the counseling professional to gain a working understanding of the layout. Understanding the way reference material is filed will assist the user immensely.Another structured piece of these publications explains why the reference has been constructed and written the way that is has. Each of the references being compared contains similar in formation and some of the perspectives overlap in many places AACC: Code of Ethics (2004) ACA: Code of Ethics (2005). The preliminary information in each publication, prior to the code of ethics, offers similarities. They both offer a preamble, mission, and a purpose for use. The ACA: Code of Ethics (2005) publication moves directly into the codes at this point. p 3) Whereas, the AACC: Code of Ethics (2004) offers a prayer and seven Biblical-ethical foundations, on which their codes of ethics were founded. (p 4, 5) Section II: Specific comparison of three particular areas Specific codes of each publication offer different interpretations of the same practices. The practice of informed consent according to the ACA: Code of Ethics (2005) is that it is the counselor’s responsibility to give a written and verbal account for the rights and responsibilities of the counselor and the client.This responsibility even extends to cover the inclusion of an interpreter where it is deemed n ecessary. The practice of informed consent according to the AACC: Code of Ethics (2004) is that it is the counselor’s responsibility to â€Å"take care† that the client has the â€Å"capacity†, â€Å"reasonably understands† and â€Å"freely gives consent† to the nature, process, costs, time, work, limits of the counseling and appropriate alternatives. All of this must be done without â€Å"coercion or undue influence†. (p 10, 11)The next set of codes differs greatly due in part by the influence of Biblical standards. The code in ACA: Code of Ethics (2005) is defined as â€Å"Former Clients† (p 5) the code references only sexual and romantic interests of the former client and counselor. There is no mention of marriage. The code also extends to include â€Å"former clients, their romantic partners, or their family members†. The code simply states that the counselor cannot have professional contact with the client within 5 years b efore or after a relationship.The counselor must also â€Å"demonstrate forethought and document†, in writing, the possibilities of exploitation, or potential harm to the former client. If either of these elements is present, then the counselor avoids the interaction or relationship. The code is AACC: Code of Ethics (2004) is defined as â€Å"Marriage with Former Clients/Patients† and the stipulations are explained that this type of relationship is allowed with three provisions. p 8) First, the counseling sessions had to have been terminated without the influence of a relationship or potential relationship, also within the proper guidelines of termination as defined in the AACC: code of ethics guidelines. Secondly, the client must understand unequivocally that any further counseling must be by someone other than the counselor-spouse. Thirdly, there must be no harm to the client or the client’s family as a result in the change of the relationship between the clie nt and the counselor.Lastly, the counseling or helping relationship must be terminated at least two calendar years prior to marriage. There are occasions where an ethical standard is addressed by the AACC: Code of Ethics (2004) and not addressed at all by the ACA: Code of Ethics (2005). The AACC: Code of Ethics speaks specifically to the responsibility of the counselor to offer all possible alternatives and not to give any narrative of consent to an abortion. It also advises the counselor to continue to serve the client regardless of their decision regarding the pregnancy.The ACA: Code of Ethics does not address abortion specifically. There are areas of the code that speak to the issue in a general manner. The areas to be considered are: a) does the decision to have an abortion have any relation to the client’s personal culture: b) the counselor’s own â€Å"values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors† will need to be carefully guarded as to not be imposed on the c lient (p 4): and c) are the decisions the client is facing within the competency of the counselor to help guide the client.As in any client’s case being reviewed by a counselor or counseling group all of these elements must be weighed out, as well as some that may not have been discussed in this paper. The ACA: Code of Ethics (2005) is written and adapted based on an ever-changing world. The AACC: Code of Ethics is based on unchanging Biblical standards. It stands to reason that if an individual adheres to the AACC: Code of Ethics that a standard of consistency is more likely to be seen, due to the unchanging nature of the Bible. A Christian counselor may find both publications to be very useful.In the same way a non-Christian will probably have absolutely no use for the AACC: Code of Ethics (2004). No matter what an individual’s faith-related position is, as a professional counselor, it is the highest priority to first â€Å"do no harm† ACA: Code of Ethics (200 5), and AACC: Code of Ethics (2004). The very cornerstone of helping people through counseling requires that the counselor make a deliberate treatment plan to do no harm. With that understanding, it is the responsibility of the professional counselor to employ and explore whatever empirical resources are available to execute such a plan.References American Association of Christian Counselors: Code of Ethics. (2004). American Association of Christian Counselors A ». Retrieved August 23, 2012, from http://www. aacc. net/about-us/code-of-ethics/ American Counseling Association: Code of Ethics. (2005). Ethics |http://www. counseling. org/CP/CT2. aspx|. Retrieved August 23, 2012, from http://www. counseling. org/Resources/CodeOfEthics/TP/Home/CT2. aspx New Mandates and Imperatives in the Revised ACA Code of Ethics. (2009). Journal of Counseling & Development, 87(2), 241-256.